Check out our glossary of common product management terms and definitions.
An A/B test aims to compare the performance of two items or variations against one another. In product management, A/B tests are often used to identify the best-performing option.
What is AARRR? AARRR framework is an acronym for a set of five user-behavior metrics that businesses should be tracking:...
In agile methodologies, acceptance criteria refers to a set of predefined requirements that must be met in order to mark a user story complete. Acceptance criteria are also sometimes called the “definition of done."
In software development, an acceptance test refers to the process of testing a new system, feature, or functionality against predefined acceptance criteria.
What is an Action Priority Matrix? An action priority matrix is a diagram that helps people determine which tasks to...
Adaptive Software Development (ASD) is a direct outgrowth of an earlier agile framework, Rapid Application Development (RAD). It aims to enable teams to quickly and effectively adapt to changing requirements or market needs.
Affinity grouping can be used as a collaborative prioritization activity. It works by having a group of participants brainstorm ideas and opportunities on Post-It Notes.
Agile is an iterative product-development methodology in which teams work in brief, incremental “sprints,” and then regroup frequently to review the work and make changes.
An agile framework is one of many documented software-development approaches based on the agile philosophy articulated in the Agile Manifesto.
The Agile Manifesto is a brief document built on 4 values and 12 principles for agile software development. The Agile Manifesto was published in February 2001.
There are 12 agile principles outlined in The Agile Manifesto in addition to the 4 agile values. These 12 principles for agile software development help establish the tenets of the agile mindset.
What is an Agile Product Owner? In an agile organization, the product owner is responsible for prioritizing and overseeing the...
Agile transformation is the process of transitioning an entire organization to a nimble, reactive approach based on agile principles. Understanding agile transformation begins with understanding what it is not: adopting agile software development methodologies.
Agile Values refers to the set of 4 values outlined by the Agile Alliance in The Agile Manifesto. This set of values encourages putting people before processes, getting software out the door fast, collaborating with customers, and adjusting plans as needed.
An alpha test is typically conducted by a product manager at the point when development is near completion. It generally occurs before any beta testing but has a similar purpose. These tests are most commonly run in the software industry.
What Is Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)? Annual recurring revenue (ARR) refers to all ongoing revenue for a product or business,...
A backlog is a list of task-level details required to execute on a larger strategic plan. A quick glance at a prioritized backlog conveys the next items on a project's to-do list.
Backlog grooming, also referred to as backlog refinement or story time, is a recurring event for agile product development teams. The primary purpose of a backlog grooming session is to ensure the next few sprints worth of user stories in the backlog are prepared for sprint planning. Regular backlog grooming sessions also help ensure the right stories are prioritized and that the product backlog does not become a black hole.
What is Behavioral Product Management? Behavioral product management applies behavioral science and human psychology to product design. When planning their...
A beta test is a widespread pre-launch distribution of a product (typically software), in which users are asked to try the product and provide feedback to help the product team improve it before general availability. If both forms of testing are deployed, beta testing occurs once alpha testing is complete.
A bill of materials (BOM) is a complete list of the materials needed to build a product. A BOM typically lists all the parts needed in their necessary quantities.
Bubble sort is a basic algorithm for arranging a string of numbers or other elements in the correct order. The...
What is Bucket Sort? Bucket Sort is a sorting technique that places items in buckets, or categories. These items are...
A burndown chart is a visual display of work completed and remaining in a project, sprint, or iteration. In most cases the x-axis of the chart represents time, while the y-axis represents work either completed or remaining.
What is Business Agility? Business agility applies the principles of agile development to the entire organization. This allows companies to...
Business Intelligence (BI), is a method of compiling, analyzing and interpreting business data to make better-informed decisions. BI data is typically compiled through extensive research across a wide range of sources — including industry reports, customer feedback, actual usage data of the company’s products, and competitive research.
A business model canvas is a one-page summary describing the high-level strategic details needed to get a business (or product) successfully to market. The typical use case for this tool is to outline the fundamental building blocks of a business, but it can be used effectively for individual products as well.
What is Business Transformation? Business transformation is an umbrella term for making fundamental changes in how a business or organization...
Buy-a-Feature is one of many prioritization frameworks product managers can use. It's commonly used to help organizations identify the features that customers and key stakeholders value the most. Product managers can leverage Buy-a-Feature to directly engage stakeholders and even customers to help shape their products, and to prioritize features based on their expected value return.
A buyer persona is often created by product teams to describe the broad cohort of individuals who have a say in the purchasing process. This can include a number of influencers and decision makers who might not even be using the product upon purchasing. Aside from being a larger demographic, this persona will likely differ from the user persona in regards to their goals and needs.
In product management, cannibalization is when two different products from the same company compete with one other. Product managers are often responsible for an entire line or suite of products so that cannibalization can be kept to a minimum, or avoided altogether.
Change management is a systematic approach to supporting employees and teams as an organization transitions to new processes, tools, or initiatives.
What is a Chief Product Officer? A chief product officer (CPO) is a corporate title referring to an executive who...
Churn is a measurement of the percentage of accounts that cancel or choose not to renew their subscriptions. A high churn rate can negatively impact Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) and can also indicate dissatisfaction with a product or service.
What is the CIRCLES Method? The CIRCLES method is a problem-solving framework that helps product managers (PMs) make a thorough...
In software product development, continuous delivery (CD) is the successful execution of continuous deployment. Whereas continuous deployment aims to reduce...
In software product development, continuous deployment refers to a strategy that aims to reduce the amount of time between writing code and pushing it live. Common practices under this agile-inspired strategy may include automated testing and automated releases.
Continuous integration or CI, refers to an engineering practice that is said to help automate certain pieces of work and identify bugs early in the process. Engineers practicing continuous integration merge their code to a shared repository several times each day. That code is then passed through several automated tests to help identify any errors.
Cost of delay (CoD) is a prioritization framework that helps a business quantify the economic value of completing a project sooner as opposed to later.
A cross-functional team refers to a group which contains expertise or representation from various "functional" departments. For example, an agile cross-functional team may consist of a product manager, product owner, scrum master, engineers, QA, and design.
What is the Crystal Method? Crystal is an agile framework focusing on individuals and their interactions, as opposed to processes...
Customer Acquisition Cost, or CAC, measures how much you’re spending to acquire new customers. Analyzing CAC in conjunction with LTV or MRR is a common way to discover whether or not a company is operating efficiently.
A customer advisory board is a group of customers who come together on a regular basis to share insights and advice with an organization. Usually, the members of a customer advisory board are high-level executives at their organizations and therefore can provide in-depth market insight.
Customer development is the portion of the Lean Startup methodology aimed at understanding the problem. This requires first fully vetting...
Customer empathy is understanding the underlying needs and feelings of customers. It goes beyond recognizing and addressing their tactical requirements...
Customer journey maps are visual depictions of the various touch points customers make over time when interacting with an organization. They can outline various stages and steps such as the "first touch," information-gathering process, sales interactions, buying decision etc.
The DACI decision-making framework is a model designed to improve a team's effectiveness and velocity on projects, by assigning team members specific roles and responsibilities when it comes to group decisions.
A DEEP Backlog is one of the suggested objectives of a product backlog grooming session. DEEP is an acronym used to indicate a few key traits of an effective product backlog.
In the Scrum agile framework, Definition of Done describes the requirements that must be met in order for a story to be considered complete. This concept differs from acceptance criteria in that it is a wide-ranging set of requirements that can apply to all items in the backlog (i.e. quality).
In the Scrum agile framework, Definition of Ready describes the requirements that must be met in order for a story to move from the backlog to development. In keeping with agile tradition, Ready is often defined as a story that can be acted on immediately.
In project management, a dependency describes a relationship between two initiatives that must be executed in a particular order. If...
What is design ops, and why should you make it a part of your product team’s culture? This page will...
Design thinking is a framework for innovation based on viewing problems or needs from the user’s perspective. Because this human-centered...
DevOps combines traditional software development and IT operations into a unified framework, merging coding, testing, packaging, integration, deployment, and monitoring into a single overarching process to decrease time to market without sacrificing quality.
Digital transformation is the act of revolutionizing business processes to take advantage of digital technologies, with the goal of making them more efficient, accessible, and scalable.
What is Disciplined Agile? Disciplined Agile (DA), is a process decision framework that puts individuals first and offers only lightweight...
Disruptive innovation is a term coined by Clayton M. Christensen to describe any type of innovation that creates a new...
Documentation, in a software context, refers to information either embedded into code or published separately that describes what the code...
Dual-track agile is a type of agile development in which the cross-functional product team breaks its daily development work into two tracks: discovery and delivery.The discovery track focuses on quickly generating validated product ideas for the backlog, and the delivery track focuses on turning those ideas into software ready for the market.
The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile framework that addresses the entire project lifecycle and its impact on...
What is the Eisenhower Matrix? The Eisenhower Matrix is a productivity, prioritization, and time-management framework designed to help you prioritize...
The engineering backlog lists and prioritizes the stories, epics, and/or initiatives that are to be worked on by the engineering team for a given sprint. Typical items in an engineering backlog include stories, bug fixes, and other engineering-related tasks.
What is Enterprise Architecture? Enterprise architecture is a strategic and comprehensive blueprint for how IT infrastructure will be used across...
What is an Enterprise Architecture Roadmap? An enterprise architecture roadmap is a strategic blueprint that communicates how a company’s IT...
An epic, like a theme, is typically a group of features or stories with a common strategic goal. Note that an epic is one level of detail below a theme, considering a theme might be comprised of several related epics.
What is eXtreme Programming? eXtreme Programming (XP) is an agile framework that emphasizes both the broader philosophy of agile—to produce...
What is Feature Bloat? Feature bloat is a term to describe the result of packing too many features and functionalities...
What is Feature Driven Development? (FDD) Feature Driven Development (FDD) is an agile framework that, as its name suggests, organizes...
What is a Feature Factory? In product management lingo, feature factory is typically a derogatory term. It describes a business...
What is a Feature Flag? A feature flag refers to a team’s ability to turn a feature or functionality “on”...
What is a Product Feature Kickoff? A product feature kickoff is a meeting in which a product manager and relevant...
What is a Feature-Less Roadmap? A feature-less roadmap is a roadmap designed to function as a strategic blueprint. Feature-less roadmaps...
What are Features? Features are a product’s traits or attributes that deliver value to end-users and differentiate a product in...
Fibonacci agile estimation refers to using this sequence as the scoring scale when estimating the effort of agile development tasks.
What is a Gantt Chart? A Gantt chart, or harmonogram, is a type of bar chart that graphically illustrates a...
What is General Availability? General Availability (GA) is the release of a product to the general public. When a product...
What is GIST planning? GIST stands for Goals, Ideas, Step-Projects, and Tasks. GIST planning is a lightweight approach to product...
What is a Go-to-Market Strategy? A go-to-market strategy is a tactical plan detailing how a company plans to execute a...
The HEART framework is a methodology to improve the user experience (UX) of software. The framework helps a company evaluate any aspect of its user experience according to five user-centered metrics.
What is the Hook Model? The Hook Model is a four-phase process that businesses can use to create products or...
The ICE Scoring Model is a relatively quick way to assign a numerical value to different potential projects or ideas...
What is Idea Management? Idea management is a structured approach to generating and evaluating ideas that could help improve an...
Impact Mapping is a graphic strategy planning method to decide which features to build into a product. As it begins...
What is the Definition of Information Flows in Product Management? The success of any product depends on coordination among several...
What is Iteration? In agile software development, an iteration is a set amount of time reserved for development. Typical iterations...
What Is Iterative Testing? Iterative testing refers to making small, gradual changes or updates to a product based on insights...
What Is Jira? Jira is a software application used for issue tracking and project management. The tool, developed by the...
The jobs-to-be-done framework is an approach to developing products based on understanding both the customer’s specific goal, or “job,” and the thought processes that would lead that customer to “hire” a product to complete the job.
A kanban board is a type of workflow that is commonly used to manage initiatives in project management. Kanban boards can be found in a number of popular tools such as Trello, and some product teams prefer to display their roadmaps in a kanban style view.
A Kanban roadmap can help product managers leverage the Kanban methodology in their strategic planning. The Kanban technique involves grouping...
The Kano Model is one of many prioritization frameworks designed to help product teams prioritize initiatives. Kano can help teams determine which features will satisfy and even delight customers. Product managers often use the Kano Model to prioritize potential new features by grouping them into categories. These feature categories can range from those that could disappoint customers, to those likely to satisfy or even delight customers.
Key performance indicators, or KPIs, are quantitative metrics that organizations use to track and analyze performance or progress toward business...
What is Lean Software Development (LSD)? Lean Software Development (LSD) is an agile framework based on optimizing development time and...
Large scale Scrum (LeSS) is a scaled-up version of the traditional, one-team Scrum. LeSS uses many principles of the Scrum agile framework but with differences
Lifetime Value (LTV) is an estimate of how much revenue an account will bring in over its lifetime. LTV, when used alongside an efficiency metric like Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC), is a critical metric when gauging the cost efficiency of a given acquisition strategy.
A market requirements document, or an MRD, is a strategic document written by a product manager to help define the market’s requirements or demand for a specific product. An MRD typically contains information on the product’s vision, the competitive landscape, a business analysis and revenue opportunity, as well as a list of features or at least high-level feature categories.
What is Market Validation? Market validation is the process of presenting a concept for a product to its target market...
What is a Method of Procedure? A method of procedure (MOP) is a step-by-step guideline for completing a project. Think...
What Is a Minimum Viable Feature? A Minimum Viable Feature (or MVF) is a small-scale feature that can quickly be...
An MVP, or minimum viable product, represents the earliest stage in the product’s development cycle at which the company believes it has enough features to attract early-adopter customers and validate an idea. In industries such as software, or for companies with limited funding, the MVP can help the product team receive user feedback as quickly as possible, which they can use to iterate and improve the product.
What Is Monthly Recurring Revenue? Monthly recurring revenue (MRR) is a calculation of revenue generation by month. Many Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)...
What is MoSCoW Prioritization? MoSCoW prioritization, also known as the MoSCoW method or MoSCoW analysis, is a popular prioritization technique...
What is a Net Promoter Score? A net promoter score is a method of using a single survey question to...
Objectives and key results, or OKRs, are a model for setting business objectives and measurable outcomes. The objectives, or the "O" are high-level goals, while the "KR" represent measurable key results. Objectives and Key Results help teams come up with ambitious but measure-able objectives.
Opportunity scoring is one of several popular strategies for prioritizing features on a product roadmap. Product teams use this strategy...
What is an Opportunity Solution Tree? An Opportunity Solution Tree (OST) is a visual aid that helps enable the product...
Pair programming is an agile software development practice in which two programmers team up at one workstation to maximize efficiency. With pair programming, one of the two programmers (the driver) writes the code while the other watches and reviews (the observer). The two programmers switch roles frequently.
What Is Pendo? Pendo is a product-analytics app built to help software companies develop products that resonate with customers. The...
In product management, a persona is a profile of a product’s typical user. Personas are used to help a product manager (and others in the organization involved with the product’s development) understand key traits, behaviors, goals, responsibilities, and needs of a specific type of user. Product managers often document various personas, such as buyer personas, customer personas, and decision-maker personas, to better understand how to meet the needs of these constituencies.
Pivot in a product management context may refer to a shift in the strategic direction of the business. Usually the decision to pivot a product is the result of competitive changes, new findings about the market, or shortcomings in the original strategy.
Planning poker (also called Scrum poker) helps agile teams estimate the time and effort needed to complete each initiative on their product backlog.
What is a Platform Product Manager? A Platform Product Manager (PM), is one of the most challenging roles in product...
Prioritization is the process by which a set of items are ranked in order of importance. In product management, initiatives that live in the backlog must be prioritized as a means of deciding what should be developed next. There are a number of prioritization methods commonly used by product managers, such as the Kano Model, Weighted Scoring, and Opportunity Scoring.
What are Product Analytics? The term product analytics refers to capturing and analyzing quantitative data through embedded tools that record...
What is Product Architecture? Product architecture is the organization (or chunking) of a product’s functional elements. It’s the ways these...
What is the Product Backlog? Definition: A product backlog lists and prioritizes the task-level details required to execute on the...
What is a Product Brief? A product brief, or product spec, defines a product’s goals, attributes, and overall direction. It...
Product design describes the process of imagining, creating, and iterating products that solve users’ problems or address specific needs in a given market.
A product designer is responsible for the user experience of a product, usually taking direction on the business goals and objectives from product management. Although typically associated with the visual/tactile aspects of a product, product designers can sometimes also play a role in the information architecture and system design of a product as well.
What is a Product Development Manager? A Product Development Manager (PDM)—often a software engineer, QA tester, or UX designer—is responsible...
What Is the Product Development Process? The product development process encompasses all steps needed to take a product from concept...
What is Product Differentiation? Product differentiation is a process used by businesses to distinguish a product or service from other...
What is Product Discovery? The product discovery process has two distinct parts. It includes developing a profound understanding of customers,...
What is a Product Disruptor? A product disruptor is an innovation that represents a change in a product’s direction, business...
What is Product Enablement? Product enablement helps employees at large companies gain relevant product knowledge. The term takes its name...
What is Product Excellence? Product excellence is a customer-focused framework for developing a significant or impactful product or feature and...
What is a Product Launch? A product launch refers to a business’s planned and coordinated effort to debut a new...
What Is Product Leadership? Product leadership can describe several management-level roles with responsibility for the success of the company’s products....
The product lifecycle model breaks down the various stages of a product’s evolution, from its debut to its retirement. Each phase comes with its own characteristics, demands, and challenges.
A product management audit is a complete, objective review of a company's product strategy and product management processes. Each aspect of the product strategy and process is numerically rated to identify areas of weakness that would benefit from improvement, as well as any areas that are completely lacking.
Product leaders are responsible for discovering and recruiting the right people for the product team. To do so, they need to seek out product management talent, to fill key product roles.
A product manager drives the development of products, and is ultimately responsible for the success of those products. Product managers are information gatherers, defining the strategic direction of the product by focusing on their business’s strategic goals, the market’s demands and opportunities, and the technological and financial resources available to them to make the product a reality.
Product-market fit describes a scenario in which a company's target customers are buying, using, and telling others about the company's product in numbers large enough to sustain that product's growth and profitability.
A product marketing manager’s (PMM) primary responsibility is to communicate the product’s value to the market. A PMM’s responsibilities could include training the sales force on how to sell the product, creating marketing materials that communicate product features, and developing the marketing tools and campaigns to attract new prospects and customers.
What Is a Product Mission Statement? A product’s mission is a clear, concise statement that explains the product’s highest-level purpose....
Product ops, or product operations, is a relatively new discipline somewhat similar to marketing ops. Product ops builds a foundation for excellence by reinforcing product strategy with metrics, infrastructure, business processes, best practices, budgeting, and reporting. In short, product ops teams serve to support the product team and help build better products.
The product owner bridges the gap between product strategy and development. They are usually responsible for the product backlog, organizing sprints, and are expected to be available to answer questions from developers as needed. In comparison to the strategy-focused role of the product manager, the product owner generally takes on more tactical duties.
Product portfolio management refers to the practice of managing an organization’s entire product portfolio, which consists of all the products the organization has. A product portfolio manager may be responsible for allocating resources for optimal ROI, identifying areas of improvement, and keeping the products aligned with the organization’s broader strategy.
What Is Product Positioning? Product positioning is the process of deciding and communicating how you want your market to think...
A product requirements document (PRD) is an artifact used in the product development process to communicate what capabilities must be included in a product release to the development and testing teams. This document is typically used more in “waterfall” environments where product definition, design and delivery happen sequentially, but may be used in an “agile” setting as well.
What is Product Requirements Management? Product requirements management is the ongoing process of overseeing the implementation of all requirements needed...
What Is a Product Specification? A Product Specification, commonly referred to as a product spec, is an important product document...
What is a Product Stack? A product stack refers to the apps, technologies, and other resources product managers use to...
A Product Strategist identifies new opportunities, assesses the company’s product performance, and helps develop its long-term strategic plans for future...
What is a Product Strategy? A product strategy is a high-level plan describing what a business hopes to accomplish with...
What Is a Product Strategy Framework? A product strategy is a high-level plan describing what a business hopes to accomplish...
What is the Product Tree? The Product Tree is a fun, visual, and useful tool that gamifies product management. It...
A product vision, or product vision statement, describes the overarching long-term mission of your product. Vision statements are aspirational and communicate concisely where the product hopes to go and what it hopes to achieve in the long term.
Quality Function Deployment, or QFD, is a model for product development and production popularized in Japan in the 1960's. The model aids in translating customer needs and expectations into technical requirements by listening to the voice of customer.
What is Rapid Application Development (RAD)? Rapid Application Development is an agile framework focused primarily on rapid prototyping of software...
Rapid experimentation is an agile approach to the product development process. With this approach, frequent experiments are deployed in an attempt to discover new, innovative ideas. Experiments can range in severity, from simple A/B tests to larger field experiments.
Rapid prototyping is an agile strategy used throughout the product development process. With this approach, 3-dimensional prototypes of a product or feature are created and tested in an attempt to optimize characteristics like shape, size, and overall usability.
What is Rational Product Management? Rational product management is a unifying process for product development. Based on the rational development...
Refactoring is the process by which development teams clean up a codebase or change the internal structure of a piece of software to improve it. Refactoring is intended to not make any noticeable impact on the user's end, but can make it easier for development teams to continue working on the code and adding new functionalities in the future.
What is a Release Demo? Definition: A release demo is typically given by agile teams at the end of a...
What Is Release Management? Release management is one of those modern business terms that has several meanings. For IT departments,...
What Is a Release Note? A release note refers to the technical documentation produced and distributed alongside the launch of...
What is a Release Plan? Definition: A release plan is a tactical document designed to capture and track the features...
What Is Retention? Customer retention refers to a company’s or product’s ability to retain customers over time. If a company...
What Does Retention Rate Mean? In marketing and product management, retention rate refers to the percentage of customers who continue...
A retrospective is a meeting held after a product ships to discuss what happened during the product development and release process, with the goal of improving things in the future based on those learnings and conversations.
The RICE scoring model is a framework designed to help product managers determine which products, features, and other initiatives to prioritize on their roadmaps by scoring these items according to four factors. These factors, which form the acronym RICE, are reach, impact, confidence, and effort.
What is a Roadmap? Definition: A roadmap is a high-level strategic document that is created and maintained to communicate the...
What is the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe)? The Scaled Agile Framework, or SAFe, methodology is an agile framework for development...
What is Scope Creep? Scope creep is the phenomenon in which a team’s initial plan—the scope of work it agreed...
What is Scrum Agile Framework? In an agile context, Scrum is an approach to project management. Typically the Scrum agile...
A scrum master is a facilitator for an agile team working under the scrum methodology. The scrum master serves as a point person responsible for understanding the big development picture of each sprint.
What Is a Scrum Meeting? Scrum is an agile framework that teams use to produce products faster by breaking large...
What Is Scrumban? Scrumban is a project management framework that combines important features of two popular agile methodologies: Scrum and...
What is the Shape Up Method? The Shape Up Method describes the specific processes used by product development teams to...
What is a Shipyard Engine? A shipyard engine describes a product team’s process to keep its organization informed about the...
What is SMART goal setting? SMART framework provides the framework for setting clear, attainable goals in project management. The acronym...
What is an Agile Sprint? In agile methodology, a sprint is a period (e.g., 14 days) in which an agreed-upon...
What is a Sprint Backlog? A sprint backlog is the set of items that a cross-functional product team selects from...
What is a Sprint Goal? In the scrum methodology for agile, sprint goals are clear objectives set before the beginning...
What is Sprint Planning? In the Scrum agile framework, a sprint planning meeting is an event that establishes the product...
What are Stakeholders? Stakeholders are individuals (or groups) that can either impact the success and execution of a product or...
A stakeholder analysis is the process of identifying stakeholders before a project begins; grouping them according to their levels of participation, interest, and influence in the project; and determining how best to involve and communicate each of these stakeholder groups throughout.
What is a Standup? A daily standup is a quick session where each member of the team shares what they...
What is Story Mapping? Story mapping is a method for arranging user stories to create a more holistic view of...
What is a Story Point? A story point is a unit of measurement used by development teams to estimate the...
A SWOT analysis is a planning framework that a business can use to identify a strategic endeavor’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The term SWOT is an acronym for these four factors.In a SWOT analysis, a project’s (or product’s) strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Strengths might include the company’s domain expertise or intellectual property. Weaknesses might include missing skillsets or a lack of budget. Opportunities and threats, by contrast, are external and refer to competition, the market, or changing trends that could affect the company.
What are the 4 Ds of Time Management? The 4 Ds of time management, sometimes referred to as the 4...
Technical debt describes what results when development teams take actions to expedite the delivery of a piece of functionality or a project which later need to be refactored. In other words, it's the result of prioritizing speedy delivery over perfect code.
A technical product manager (PM) is a product manager with a strong technical background that is typically focused on the...
What Is “The User Is Drunk”? “The User is Drunk” is a product management and UX design concept that emphasizes...
What Is a Theme? In product management, a theme is a high-level goal or plan for the product. The theme...
What Is a Timeline Roadmap? A timeline roadmap serves several strategic purposes. First, it communicates the priority order of a...
What is a Top-Down Product Strategy? Definition: A top-down product strategy is one where high-level objectives and a long-term vision...
Total Addressable Market (TAM) refers to the maximum size of the opportunity for a particular product or solution.
What is Tribe Model Management? Tribe model management is part of an agile scaling strategy first used to help Spotify’s...
What Does Turnover Rate Mean? For a product or marketing team, turnover rate refers to the percentage of customers lost...
A product’s unique selling proposition (USP), is its unique competitive advantage, or the reason a customer would select the product over any other option. Generally, USPs are communicated as benefits to the customer or user.
What is Usability Testing? Usability testing is a technique to evaluate how easy or difficult users find a company’s product....
What is a Use Case? Definition: A use case is a hypothetical (but plausible) scenario showing how a product’s user...
User Experience refers to the feeling users experience when using a product, application, system, or service. It is a broad term which can cover anything from how well the user can navigate the product, how easy it is to use, how relevant the content displayed is etc.
A user interface, or UI, is any part of a product or system which the end user interacts with. Users...
A user persona is a composite biography (or series of biographies) drafted based on market research and experience to describe...
User research is the discipline of learning about users’ needs and thought processes by studying how they perform tasks, observing how they interact with a product, or by using other data-driven strategies.
A user story is a small, self-contained unit of development work designed to accomplish a specific goal within a product. A user story is usually written from the user’s perspective and follows the format: “As [a user persona], I want [to perform this action] so that [I can accomplish this goal].”
The primary focus of a UX designer (short for User Experience Designer) is on overall user satisfaction and usability with a product. UX designers continually look for ways to improve how the product experience feels to the user — improvements such as making using the product faster, easier, or more intuitive.
What is a Value Proposition? A value proposition is a statement that identifies measurable benefits prospective customers can expect when...
Value vs. complexity is a prioritization framework that allows a product team to evaluate each initiative according to how much value the initiative will bring, and how difficult or complex it will be to implement. Initiatives are then plotted on a quadrant and prioritized accordingly.
Vanity metrics are statistics that look positive, but don’t necessarily translate to any meaningful business results. Examples include quantity of...
Velocity is a metric used to measure the speed of a development team’s delivery for a given cycle. Velocity is...
Voice of customer, or VoC, refers broadly to the various processes by which organizations gather feedback from their customers. It...
What Is the Waterfall Method? Waterfall is a long-term product development method characterized by linear sequential phases for planning, building,...
Weighted scoring prioritization uses numerical scoring to rank your strategic initiatives against benefit and cost categories. It is useful for product teams looking for objective prioritization techniques that factor in multiple layers of data.
What is Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF)? Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) is a tool used in the Scaled Agile...
What Is a Wireframe? A wireframe is a basic, two-dimensional visual representation of a web page, app interface, or product...
What Is the Amazon Working Backwards Method? The Amazon working backward method is a product development approach that starts with...
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